People of Detroit:
French Commandants of Fort Ponchartrain du Detroit

1701 - 1710 First Official Commandant Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac
1705 Acting Commandant Pierre Alphonse de Tonty (temporary/unofficial in Cadillac's absence)
1705 Acting Commandant Francois de la Forest (temporary/official in Cadillac's absence)
1706 Acting Commandant Etienne Venyard, Sieur de Bourgmont (temporary/unofficial in Cadillac's absence)
1710 - 1712 Acting Commandant Charles Regnault, Sieur du Buisson (Filled the position on Forest's behalf)
1712 - 1714 Second Official Commandant Francois de la Forest
1714 Interim Commandant Charles Regnault, Sieur du Buisson (temporary until the arrival of Sabrevois who was actually appointed to the post in 1712)
1714 Third Official Commandant Jacques Charles Sabrevois, Sieur de Bleury (didn't arrive at Fort Ponchartrain until 1714)
1717 - 1727 Fourth Official Commandant Pierre Alphonse de Tonty
1721/22 (winter) Acting Commandant Francois Marie Picote de Belestre (temporary/inofficial in de Tonty's absence)
1728 - 1729 Fifth Official Commandant Jean Baptist de St. Ours, Sieur Deschaillons
1730 - 1733 Sixth Official Commandant Louis Henry Deschamps, Sieur de Boishebert
1733 - 1736 Seventh Official Commandant Ives Jacques Hugues Pean, Sieur de Livandiere
1736 - 1739 Unofficial Commandant Nicolas Joseph des Noyelles
1739 - 1742 Eighth Official Commandant Pierre Jacques Payan de Noyan, Sieur de Charvis
1742 - 1744 Ninth Official Commandant Pierre Joseph Celoron
1744 (appointed in 43) - 1748 Tenth Official Commandant Paul Joseph le Moine, Chevalier de Longeuil
1750 - 1754(?) Eleventh Official Commandant (2nd term) Pierre Joseph Celoron
1754(?) - 1758 Twelfth Official Commandant Jacques Pierre Daneau, Sieur de Muy
1758 Acting Commandant Jean Baptiste Henry Beranger
1758 - 1760 Thirteenth Commandant Francois Marie Picote, Sieur de Belestre (II)
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Glossary:
Algonquin

General term used to describe Native Americans of the following tribes (and others): Delaware, Fox, Huron, Miami, Ojibwa (Chippewa), Ottawa, Potawatomi, Sac, Shawnee and Winnebago.
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Glossary:
arquebus

A 39 pound (approximate) musket that two men would prop on a tri-pod and fire with a small torch. The arquebus was used by Champlain's men against the Iroquois to defend the Hurons. This may be the cause of decades of Iroquois abuse of the Hurons.
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Glossary:
clay and wattle

Building technique used in the construction of chimneys in the early days of Fort Ponchartrain. The technique involved piling sticks and packing them - inside and out - with clay and mud.
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Glossary:
Colbertism

Name for early French mercantilism in America, which Jean-Baptiste Colbert was influential in developing.
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Glossary:
conges

Trade permits issued by the Canadian government/court of France in the late 1600s to early 1700s.
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Glossary:
coureurs de bois

Very early French inhabitants of the current US and Canada who gave up their farmsteads for lives in the fur trade. They often lived with Native Americans.
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Glossary:
District of Hesse

Land district provisioned by the Canadian Council on July 24, 1788. The area was on the east side of the Detroit River.
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Glossary:
Fox

"Properly ""Mesh-kwa-ki-hug"". Native American tribe living in the area between Saginaw Bay and Thunder Bay at the time Detroit was founded. The French called the tribe Renyard. An allied tribe of the Sacs and Mascoutin."
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Glossary:
Huron

A Native American tribe that built a village near Fort Ponchartrain.
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Glossary:
Iroquoian

General term sometimes used to describe Native Americans of the following tribes: Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca.
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Glossary:
Iroquois

"A Native American tribe known for antagonizing and brutalizing the Hurons (see also arquebus)"
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Glossary:
Mascouten

Native American tribe living in the Grand Traverse Bay area at the time Detroit was founded. An allied tribe of the Foxes and Sacs. Also spelled Mascoutin.
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Glossary:
Miami

A Native American tribe that built a village near Fort Ponchartrain.
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Glossary:
Muskhogean

General term used to describe Native Americans of the following tribes: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek.
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Glossary:
New York Currency

First standard currency used in Detroit (first used in 1765).
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Glossary:
Ottawa

A Native American tribe that built a village near Fort Ponchartrain.
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Glossary:
Outagamies

Native American tribe living in the Grand Traverse Bay area at the time Detroit was founded. An allied tribe of the Foxes (and Sacs?).
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Glossary:
Plains Indians

General term used to describe Native Americans of the following tribes: Apache, Arapaho, Cheyenne, Comanche, Kiowa, and Pawnee (Pani).
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Glossary:
Potawatomi

A Native American tribe that built a village near Fort Ponchartrain.
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Glossary:
Quebec Act

Act of June 22, 1774, in which British Parliament decides to exercise English law in criminal cases and old French provincial law in civil cases in western settlements. The idea was to discourage people from settling in the west.
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Glossary:
Renyard

See Fox
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Glossary:
ribbon farms

Original land grants given by Cadillac. The lots were typically around 200 feet wide at the river front, with lengths up to 3 miles.
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Glossary:
Sac

See Sauk
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Glossary:
Sakis

See Sauk
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Glossary:
Sauk

Native American tribe living in the area between Saginaw Bay and Thunder Bay at the time Detroit was founded. The French called the tribe Sakis; English and Americans generally call them Sacs. An allied tribe of the Foxes/Renyards and Mascouten.
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Glossary:
Shoshonean

General term used to describe Native Americans of the following tribes: Bannock and Shoshone.
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Glossary:
Treaty of Montreal

Treaty ending the war between the Iroquois and France and England. Negotiations began in July of 1698 and the treaty was signed in August of 1701.
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Glossary:
Treaty of Ryswick

September 20, 1697 treaty ending war between France and England.
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Glossary:
voyageurs

Early French explorers who traveled mainly by water.